Hamadan Rug

Hamadan Rug
Design of Hamadan Rug (Rugman)
General information
Name	Hamadan Rug
Original name	قالی همدان
Alternative name(s)	Hamadan Carpet (Mosul Rug)
Origin	Iran: Hamadan
Category	Village, City
Technical information
Common designs	Afshan, Herati (Fish)
Common colors	Red, Blue, Navy Blue, Begie, Yellow, White, Orange, Cream
Dyeing method	Natural, Synthetic
Pile material	Wool
Foundation material	Cotton
Knot type	Symmetrical (Turkish), Jufti

Hamadan rugs are hand woven of the Hamadan Province, located in western Iran. Hamadan and its surrounding villages make up one of the largest trade centers for tribal rugs. The wool used for weaving the rugs and stair runners is extremely durable as a result of coming from sheep living in higher altitudes with cooler temperatures. Weavers in Hamadan use Turkish knots for the rugs and stair runners, and they are all flat woven.

History

Hamadan is the capital city of the Hamadan Province, located in western Iran. It is an ancient city that dates back close to 1000 BCE. Rugs and carpets woven in the villages, towns, and cities throughout Hamadan are known worldwide. The carpets of Hamadan are divided into two types, based on quality and weaving technique. The first type is referred to as the village rug. Village Hamadans are known in the market from the mid-nineteenth century.
The Hamadan village type is also called “Mosul” in the trade, because it was previously marketed in the town of Mosul in Iraq. Mosul Rugs made in Hamadan villages each have their own design characteristics, weave qualities, and pile height.
There are hundreds of active weaving sites in Hamadan Province. The most notable villages are Bibikabad, Borchelu, Borujerd, Darjazin, Hosseinabad, Enjilas, Kabudar Ahang, Koliai, Malayer, Mazlaghan, Mishan, Nahavand, Saveh, Tafresh, and Touserkan, as well as the districts of Khamseh and Mehraban. These villages are surrounded by many weaving locations that follow similar designs and coloration and are grouped under the main village name. Beginning in the twentieth century Hamadan village rugs were marketed abroad, priced competitively with the Caucasian and Anatolian (Turkish) rugs of that era. Village Hamadan rugs were successfully exported in large quantities and continue to be so today.
The second Hamadan type is the city-weave carpet. Hamadan city carpets were made after World War I and are named Shahr Boft in Farsi, which means, “city-woven.”
These high-pile carpets were suitable for the North American market. American carpet dealers named them Kazvin, after a city located sixty miles (96.5 km) from Hamadan, for better marketing purposes. Kazvin was better known for making quality carpets from the early twentieth century until the Depression era. In Europe Shahr Boft Hamadans were called “Alvand,” after a well-known local mountain.
In the 1960s the city of Hamadan began to weave French Savonnerie Carpets designs, which were fashionable in the American market. The Hamadan Savonnerie designs were woven in large quantities and in less-expensive qualities. American dealers continued to market these city carpets as Kazvin-made.
The province of Hamadan has enjoyed worldwide renown for its enormous carpet production beginning in the early twentieth century. The weaving industry there has had a significant effect on the local economy and continues to greatly improve the lifestyle of weavers and their families.
Antique Hamadan (Hamedan) rugs, generally produced in scatter sizes drew extensively upon the tribal weaving traditions of Iran. Initially an offshoot of Kurdish village weaving in the area, Hamadans became one of the most widely exported types of small Persian rugs in the earlier twentieth century because they encompassed such a wide range of tribal designs and decorative effects.

Materials

Foundation and Pile

Early Hamadan weavings were made in wool or cotton foundations with a thick wool pile. By the early twentieth century most villages switched to using a cotton foundation with a wool pile.
Hamadan city carpets have a cotton foundation with a wool pile.

Techniques and structures

Color and dyeing

The coloration Hamadan Rug for the backgrounds is mostly red or dark blue; a small percentage are woven in ivory. In addition to these colors, different shades of blue, brown, camel, gray, orange, and green were used for the borders and design elements.
Hamadan Shahr Boft carpets usually have red or ivory backgrounds, with a small percentage woven in dark blue. These colors are interchangeable for the borders and medallion. In addition to these colors, blues, gold, greens, grays, orange, and browns were used for the flowers and other design elements.

Motifs and Designs

Hamadan village rug have geometric or semigeometric designs in allover, medallion, and Open Field styles. in the twentieth century designs Hamadan village rugs vary, and include either palmettes with leaves and vines, flower heads with a variety of animals, birds, and figures, Shrub and Vase motifs, and traditional Boteh (paisley) and Herati (fish) motifs. At times, these designs have primitive tribal ornamental motifs woven in the background and borders. Some villages are known to have their own conventional open-field design and centermedallion layouts.
designs city carpets are floral, typically in a medallion style with palmette, leaves, and vines in the field and borders.

Weaving techniques

The rugs have (symmetrical) knots and are coarsely woven with densities of about 40 to 100 knots per square inch. The carpets were woven in standard American sizes, ranging from approximately nine feet by six feet to eighteen feet by twelve feet. Hamadan Shahr Boft carpets are generally medium to good in grade quality.

See also

• 

  Borchelu Rug

• 

  Borujerd Rug

• 

  Hosseinabad Rug

• 

  Enjilas Rug

• 

  Koliai Rug

• 

  Malayer Rug

• 

  Mazlaghan Rug

• 

  Nahavand Rug

• 

  Saveh Rug

• 

  Tafresh Rug

• 

  Touserkan Rug

• 

  Mehraban Rug

Search for Hamadan Rug on Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Abraham Levi Moheban, (2015), The Encyclopedia of Antique Carpets: Twenty-Five Centuries of Weaving, NewYork: Princeton Architectural Press.
• Peter F. Stone, (2013), Oriental Rugs: An Illustrated Lexicon of Motifs, Materials, and Origins Kindle Edition, North Clarendon :Tuttle
• Nazmiyal Antique Rugs, (2019).
• JOZAN: Rug news and antique rugs.