Changes

Save for minor differences, the dyeing method with natural dyes in. Nain is similar to the methods in other carpet weaving centres that use traditional dyes. Despite the supplementary use of synthetic dyes in limited quantities, natural dyes have maintained their dominance in the whole region. Of the colours used in Nain carpet, eleven are basic and four subsidiary.<br>

Save for minor differences, the dyeing method with natural dyes in. Nain is similar to the methods in other carpet weaving centres that use traditional dyes. Despite the supplementary use of synthetic dyes in limited quantities, natural dyes have maintained their dominance in the whole region. Of the colours used in Nain carpet, eleven are basic and four subsidiary.<br>

Natural colours are obtained in major part from pomegranate peel, walnut crust, madder roots, weld and vine leaves as well as from qermezdāneh – the insect cochineal, which is a major source of red pigment, and which lends its Persian name to "crimson". Industrially produced indigo (indigotin) is usually used for tones of blue and azure. Yellow is obtained from weld, a mixture of weld and indigo yields green, brownish ("rat") grey is made from pomegranate peel, and orange from a combination of weld and madder roots. Acetic acid is a supplementary substance in dyeing yarns (earlier, lemon peel and qaraqorut – boiled, thichened whey - containing the acid were used for the purpose). Potash alum is used as dye mordant.<br>

Natural colours are obtained in major part from pomegranate peel, walnut crust, madder roots, weld and vine leaves as well as from qermezdāneh – the insect cochineal, which is a major source of red pigment, and which lends its Persian name to "crimson". Industrially produced indigo (indigotin) is usually used for tones of blue and azure. Yellow is obtained from weld, a mixture of weld and indigo yields green, brownish ("rat") grey is made from pomegranate peel, and orange from a combination of weld and madder roots. Acetic acid is a supplementary substance in dyeing yarns (earlier, lemon peel and qaraqorut – boiled, thichened whey - containing the acid were used for the purpose). Potash alum is used as dye mordant.<br>

Formerly, qermezdāneh (cochineal) had mutch wider application in Nain carpet and is still in use today – though not so widely – for its appeal and fame. The high price and low supply of cochineal have raised the demand for synthetic dyes for crimson, and this may well be the reason for the gradual shift from the brilliant ruby reds in earlier Nain carpets to the brownish reds of the later times.<ref> Souresrafil, 1997, p.11</ref><br>

Formerly, qermezdaneh (cochineal) had mutch wider application in Nain carpet and is still in use today – though not so widely – for its appeal and fame. The high price and low supply of cochineal have raised the demand for synthetic dyes for crimson, and this may well be the reason for the gradual shift from the brilliant ruby reds in earlier Nain carpets to the brownish reds of the later times.<ref> Souresrafil, 1997, p.11</ref><br>

=== Motifs and Designs ===

=== Motifs and Designs ===