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== History ==
−The nomadic Shahsavan tribe came together at the behest of Shah Abbas Savafid (1587-1629), residing mainly in the mountainous area of northeastern Persia. Members of this tribe came from a number of smaller tribes with diverse backgrounds that show up in their rug designs.<br>
−According to historians, Shah Abbas formed the Shahvasan tribe to secure the western borders against rogue Turkish groups. To secure the tribe’s loyalty, he provided pasturage for their flocks of sheep. Their name, “Shahsavan”, means “those who love the Shah”.<ref>Nazmiyal antique rugs, 2019</ref><br>
−The '''Shahsavan''' are a wellknown tribal group within the Iranian population. They are primarily situated on the '''Moghan''' plateau of the '''Eastern Azerbaijan''' Province in northwestern Iran. Some have immigrated to the '''Hamadan''' Province of western Iran and to the '''Varamin''' area not far from the capital of Tehran in north central Iran. Shahsavan rugs from the Azerbaijan Province are known in the antique market from the early nineteenth century. They were recognized and became popular in the trade beginning in the 1970s.<br>
−Weavers also made flatwoven rugs in large quantities. Among the most collectible of Shahsavan weavings are the SOUMAK saddlebags, which feature striking designs and crisp colors. The same technique was used for large transport bags, and occasionally for other tribal items.<br>
−Some Shahsavan rugs were finely woven and possibly made by brides before marriage as a dowry, or as a gift to the Khans (area leaders).<br>
−Shahsavan weavings are usually made in tribal items, but occasionally runners are found in the market to approximately twelve fect in length. The grade quality ranges from medium to fine.
−Another popular style woven by the northwestern Shahsavan tribe is the one used for JAJIM (flatweave) RUGS. Jajim weavings are very beautitul in coloration, with vertical stripes and connecting geometric flowers, vines, and leaves, as well as S motifs and other tribal ornaments. The primary colors are reds, blues, gold, greens, browns, and ivory. Some fine examples are exccured in silk.<br>
−The western Shahsavan tribes who live in the [[Hamadan Rug|Hamadan]] Province weave rugs similar to Hamadan village styles. These rugs are known in the antique market from the late nineteenth century. They are categorized under the [[Mosul Rug|Mosul]] rug group. The rugs have a [[Cotton|cotton]] foundation and a wool pile tied with the Turkish (symmetric) knot.<br>
−Shahsavan tribal rugs of the [[Varamin Rug|Varamin]] region are known in the antique market from the late nineteenth century. These rugs follow tradicional wearing sales of northwestern Shahsaran weavings in design, technique, and coloration. Most of the rugs from this period have tribal - [[Minakhani Design|Minakhani]] (rosettelinked trellis) patterns.<br>
−During the 1920s Varamin wearers switched to a city weave, with carpets on a cotton foundation and a wool pile. Floral designs were delineated in a higher-quality weare that became popular both domestically and for foreign export. This successful alteradon had a great economic impact for the Varamin population.<ref>Moheban, 2015, p.525-526</ref><br>
−== Materials ==
−=== Foundation and Pile ===
−Shahsavan rugs have a [[Wool|wool]] foundation and a wool pile.<ref>Moheban, 2015, p.525</ref>
−== Techniques and structures ==
−=== Color and dyeing ===
−Antique Shahsavans are beautiful in coloration and in design exccution. They are in demand by collectors in the market. The colors used for the fields are reds, dark blues, ivory, and, occasionally, yellow and coral. These hues are interchangeable with the border. In addition, blues, browns, greens, gold, and cinnamon are used in the benders, medallion, and design clements.<ref>Moheban, 2015, p.525-526</ref><br>
−=== Motifs and Designs ===
−shahsavan rug designs are [[Geometric Design|geometric]], with tribal influences from the CAUCASUS and TURKESTAN regions. The field layouts are [[Allover Design|allover]] or single [[Medallion Design|medallion]] patterns featuring Star motifs, diamond-shaped lozenges, diagonal stripes, flower heads, animals, birds, human shapes, and other tribal designs.<ref>Moheban, 2015, p.525</ref><br>
−There are distinct similarities between the designs of the Shahsavan rugs and those that of the antique Caucasian rugs. Because of these similarities, some rug collectors refer to the Shahsavan as southern Caucasian designs, which is not entirely accurate. The Shahsavan textiles don’t adhere to design styles from a specific town or region as the Caucasus designs do.<br>
−What makes the Shahsavan design work distinctive?<br>
−It’s highly geometric usually with a rectilinear medallion aligned in the center of the field, either horizontally or vertically. Each center medallion is surrounded by smaller motifs, often improvised by the weaver. The exception is found in runners, where most often the weaver uses an all over pattern instead of a medallion. With t6he weaving of antique rugs in bigger sizes, the Shahsavan weavers will use different designs including the boteh pattern, a Turkish Memling gul, a stepped hook center, or small animal design figures.<ref>Nazmiyal antique rugs, 2019</ref><br>
−=== Weaving techniques ===
−The Turkish ([[Symmetrical Knot|symmetric]]) knot is used. Shahsavan rugs were made mainly for tribal daily use necessities. Weavings produced were Khorjin (saddlebags), Mafrash (pillows or small bags), storage bags, animal covers, decorative weavings, and other items.<ref>Moheban, 2015, p.525</ref><br>
−== See also ==
−[[Hamadan Rug]], [[Varamin Rug]], [[Mosul Rug]]
−== References ==
−{{Reflist}}
−== Bibliography ==
−* Abraham Levi Moheban, (2015), ''[[The Encyclopedia of Antique Carpets|The Encyclopedia of Antique Carpets: Twenty-Five Centuries of Weaving]]'', NewYork: Princeton Architectural Press.
−* [https://nazmiyalantiquerugs.com/antique/caucasian/shahsavan-shahsevan/ [[Nazmiyal Antique Rugs]]], (2019).
|Origin = {{flag|Iran}}: Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Ghazvin, Tehran, Qum, Markazi, Hamadan
|Origin = {{flag|Iran}}: Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Ghazvin, Tehran, Qum, Markazi, Hamadan
−|Category = [[City Style|City]]
+|Category = City
|Prime examples =
|Prime examples =
|Master designers =
|Master designers =
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<!--Technical information-->
<!--Technical information-->
−|Common designs = [[Geometric Design|Geometric]], [[Tribal Design|Tribal]]
+|Common designs = [[Geometric]], [[Tribal]]
|Common motifs & patterns =
|Common motifs & patterns =
|Common sizes =
|Common sizes =
|Common colors = Blue, Crimson, Ivory, Yellow, Navy Blue
|Common colors = Blue, Crimson, Ivory, Yellow, Navy Blue
−|Dyeing method = [[Natural Dyeing|Natural]], [[Synthetic Dyeing|Synthetic]]
+|Dyeing method = Natural, Synthetic
|Pile material = [[Wool]]
|Pile material = [[Wool]]
|Foundation material = [[Cotton]]
|Foundation material = [[Cotton]]
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This historic region of Iran, as well as Turkey and Uzbekistan, have had the most significant influence on the development of the present-day carpet industry. Their bold style of weaving originates partly from Mongols who invaded Iran in the 13th century, settling there in the north-west. In these rugged mountains these tough nomads of both sexes have the talent and skill to weave dramatic, high-quality carpets by hand, with no use of modern technology whatever. In many cases, rug weaving is the family′s main source of income. They trade their produce with local merchants in nearby cities for the staples and necessities of life. A few of the regions and towns included in this region are Ardabil, Bakhshaish, Gharadjeh (Gharabagh), Goravan, Heriz, Mehriban, Sarab, and Shahsavan. Weavers of these regions usually use their own symmetrical Turkish double-knotting style, which tends to be dense and tightly packed. The asymmetrical Persian knot can also be seen in cities such as Ardabil. The pile of these rugs is thick, lustrous wool, handspun from local sheep, with strong cotton as the material of choice for the foundation. However, wool and goat hair can also be seen as the base of some Turkish tribal rugs. In a few regions such as Ardabil, silk is blended in with the wool pile to produce a splendid carpet. Natural vegetable and root dyes are mainly used for the coloring. These rugs are among the most sturdy and hardwearing, still using the weaving techniques employed thousands of years ago.
This historic region of Iran, as well as Turkey and Uzbekistan, have had the most significant influence on the development of the present-day carpet industry. Their bold style of weaving originates partly from Mongols who invaded Iran in the 13th century, settling there in the north-west. In these rugged mountains these tough nomads of both sexes have the talent and skill to weave dramatic, high-quality carpets by hand, with no use of modern technology whatever. In many cases, rug weaving is the family′s main source of income. They trade their produce with local merchants in nearby cities for the staples and necessities of life. A few of the regions and towns included in this region are Ardabil, Bakhshaish, Gharadjeh (Gharabagh), Goravan, Heriz, Mehriban, Sarab, and Shahsavan. Weavers of these regions usually use their own symmetrical Turkish double-knotting style, which tends to be dense and tightly packed. The asymmetrical Persian knot can also be seen in cities such as Ardabil. The pile of these rugs is thick, lustrous wool, handspun from local sheep, with strong cotton as the material of choice for the foundation. However, wool and goat hair can also be seen as the base of some Turkish tribal rugs. In a few regions such as Ardabil, silk is blended in with the wool pile to produce a splendid carpet. Natural vegetable and root dyes are mainly used for the coloring. These rugs are among the most sturdy and hardwearing, still using the weaving techniques employed thousands of years ago.
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−[[Category:Persian Carpets]]
[[Category:Persian Carpets]]
[[fa:قالی_شاهسون]]
[[fa:قالی_شاهسون]]